The Life of Discriminated - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 546 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Of Mice And Men Essay Did you like this example? It was a hot sunny day, when a couple of fellas named Lennie and George were running out the town of Weed. They traveled all around, both kept the gear they took rolled up on their backs. They made it quite a bit then found another work place to start steak. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Life of Discriminated" essay for you Create order They finally got hired back somewhere and George let Lennie know not to talk to anybody or do anything. Lennie has a disability, to where he cant function he cant realize his own strength. In John Steinbeckrs novel, of Mice and Men, Steinbeck uses discrimination to express how Lennie, Crooks, and Curleys wife got treated.. Lennie is discriminated against because he has a mental disability. George says Dont mess with her shers gonna stir up some trouble. George talks to Lennie likes hers helpless, Lennie had some kind of disorder but he was big and strong. Lennie started traveling with George when his Aunt Clara had passed away, and George looks after him and tries to keep him out of trouble. They drink from rivers which is dirty but Lennie is so stupid he cant comprehend. Crooks is discriminated against because hers black. He says Well I got a right to have a light, you go on get out of my room. I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and yall aint wanted in here.Crooks was separated, he has his own little room in the back of the barn. Hers black and lonely, and lets people know when they aint wanted. Consequently all the while people are in the bunkhouse and hers out there. This was before civil rights and when blacks were treated more like slaves. They was dirty and did everything asked of and he could not be with the white people. Curleyrs wife is discriminated because she has no freedom. She has no freedom cause she got married so she could leave home. But her husband dont want her out by his workers, her husband expects her to stay in the house all day. She cried, aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Her face grew angerlie, whats the matter with me.Lennie the disorder one was petting his puppy he got through it and she caught him why he was alone. She came in and sat right next to him, she flirted with every guy there and George let Lennie know not to talk to her. George let him know shell stir up trouble. Earlier in the story she came by the bunkhouse while her husband was off somewhere. She tried flirting and they let her know she was not allowed in their bunkhouse. You could call her a whore and she was young about 16-17 years old. In John Steinbeckrs novel, of Mice and Men, Steinbeck uses discrimination to express how Lennie, Crooks, and Curleys wife felt. Steinbecks essay tells how all the characters felt throughout the story. Steinbeck wrote about discrimination so that we can see how they wasnt all treated equally. For instance, Crooks was black so he couldnt sleep where white people lay their heads. Lennie got bossed around because he had some kind of disorder. Curleyrs wife was forced to stay in the house and talk to no other men then her husband.

Defining Happiness Is Hard For Some People - 846 Words

Defining happiness is hard for some people. Often times, people ask themselves the question â€Å"What does it mean to be happy?† Many people find themselves asking this question throughout their lifetime, but only a handful of people find the happiness they desire. For example, too many people in our society strive to become better than everyone else, instead of finding happiness in what they already have. This means that happiness is not something materialistic, but is instead found through intrinsic motivation. Despite its definition online or in the dictionary, each person has their own definition of happiness, including myself. In my opinion, there are three simple, key things to make you happy: love, doing what you love, and finding happiness within oneself. True happiness comes from enjoying the things one has and taking advantage of the people who love and support you. A quote by H. Jackson Brown, Jr. says, â€Å"Love is when the other person’s happiness is more important than your own.† In this way, love can bring happiness to all people, as it is found universally. Many people find their happiness through love because they are very happy with that certain special person. Love and happiness are one in the same and they give out the same emotional satisfaction. A simple way to live life is through love, taking the time each day to do something that makes you happy. This even includes simple things like going to a movie or going camping with family. It doesn’t matter what youShow MoreRelatedA Raisin In The Minds, And Innocent Is Irrelevant1015 Words   |  5 PagesMany people would be shocked to learn that less than thirty percent of workers land their dream job. However, the only thing standing in the way from pur suing that desireable dream is the government who defines the color of your skin. Unfortunately, people of all skin colors get denied the right to pursue a happiness that they desired base on their skin color rather than their personalities. The Declaration of Independence tells us that the we should be able to have the right to pursue happiness includingRead MoreWhat Does Success Mean For Success?941 Words   |  4 PagesSchweitzer once stated, â€Å"Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful†. If you ask different people what success is to them, you would most likely get a variety of definitions. Some might say that success has commenced when one has finally gotten that $200,000 dream car in one’s garage. Others might say that their belief of success has established when one has found true happiness in life. Someone could be extremely wealthyRead MoreThe Dreamers By Dave Isay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesis more fascinating than seeing an individual who never gave up and worked extremely hard to reach their goal. Having read only three sections so far, I have explored the individual’s purpose and passion for the work they pursue. The â€Å"Dreamers† section has made me analyze what I have and want with my future career. Overall, the elements of the book defining dreamers explains the meaning of a risk taker, the hard work and dedication involved, and the passion it takes to reach your goals. DaveRead MoreDefinition Essay. Defining Success644 Words   |  3 PagesDefining Success The definition of success is in the eye of the beholder. More than three-fourths of your life is spent working to become successful. People are told during childhood to work as hard as they can so they can grow up and make lots of money. But the word success can be taken in many different ways. Everyone has a different understanding of what success means to them. Generally, success means fulfilling the goals that you set for yourself. For some, success is measured by popularityRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Morally Right Action1194 Words   |  5 Pagesaction, not the motives of the agent†. Utilitarianisms consider happiness to be the foundation of morality. The famous version, â€Å"act utilitarianism,† says the morally right action is the one that brings about the greatest consequence of the greatest number of people. Mill thought it was obvious that everyone ultimately wants to be happy, so he made this the foundation of his moral philosophy. Mill notice that people w ere literally defining utility as the opposite of pleasure and not understanding theRead MoreHow Work Is A Necessity For People?921 Words   |  4 Pagesis a necessity for people? For those of the people who are working for money or in exchange for something work is a necessity. Not necessarily, work is important for some of the people because they are spending their life energy in the places that make them happy instead of working. In fact, people need something to do because it will help them to take responsibility and commitment to others. I’m going to take a closer look at the nature of work in order to understand by defining types of work, theRead MoreFame Success1247 Words   |  5 Pagessuccess from different perspective and judge how it builds the characteristics to hit the level of success. To most people, success means achieving a goal. In order to achieve a goal, a person usually has to work hard and believe in himself. People, who are successful in one project, tend to be more successful in other projects. This is because they get the feeling that their hard work pays off and that a goal is worth their time and effort. Success usually goes hand in hand with fame. Being successfulRead MoreMoney and Happiness1743 Words   |  7 PagesCan Money Buy Happiness In todays materialistic world, the phrase that ‘money cant buy happiness is tending to be proved hence otherwise. Social research and surveys have shown results based on an individuals income, health and the political scenario which is dominant in his or her region. It is quite obvious that the gap between the privileged and the not so is growing into a great divide giving rise to different class and status, thus defining ones social circle. It should therefore be understoodRead MoreCareer Mistakes That Are Costing You Happiness1610 Words   |  7 Pagescount is 1490 5 Career Mistakes That Are Costing You Happiness Happiness is a serious problem. [1] That is actually the name of a book that deals with happiness, and the premise of the book annoys some people in the same way that this article title annoys some people. Some people, both sensible and otherwise, genuinely feel that happiness is not important. We all have to suffer in order to get what we want, and if we were so concerned with happiness, then nobody would achieve anything. The men thatRead MoreDiscovering One s Purpose Of Life Can Be A Long, And Adventurous Journey985 Words   |  4 Pagespushes me to ponder on questions like what is my purpose in life? What was I put on this earth to accomplished? Who do I want people to remember me as? It was not until I began taking my New Student Experience class that I decided to find the answers to these questions. My personal goal is to find happiness in life and in everything I do by having a lasting impact on people, their lives and on the world. My educational goal is to get into one of the top medical schools in the U.S. to practice Obstetrics

Same Ratio Of Allocation Of Impairment Loss -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Same Ratio Of Allocation Of Impairment Loss? Answer: Introducation Accounting of Impairment of assets come under the purview of Accounting Standard 136 (AASB 136). This accounting standard made under section 334 of the corporations Act 2001. AASB 136 recognises and measures the impairment loss of non-financial assets those not covered under in any AASBs. Further this standard will also specify the methods of performing impairment tests, timings of conducting indication test as well as combination of assets under tests. Further AASB 136 also prescribes the method of reporting losses of impairment in financial reports, reversal conditions of impairment losses and last but not the least disclosure methods and the requirements (AASB-136, 2007). The main purpose of this standard is to assure that entities cannot carry assets more than the recoverable amount. Entities are required to impaired assets and charge impairment loss in the books of accounts. It includes an exception which states that if the carrying amount is more than the amount to get recovered through use or sale of asset, then in that case entities can carry assets more than the recoverable amount in their books (Paragraph 1). This standard is applicable to those entities which prepares books of accounts in accordance with Corporation Act 2001 (AASB-136, 2007). This standard applicable to non-financial assets such as buildings, furniture, fixtures, subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures, equipment, goodwill, machineries etc. (AASB-136, 2007). Further Paragraph 2 of AASB 136 states that the applicability of this standard does not extend to book impairment loss of inventories, construction contracts assets, deferred tax assets, investment property valuing under AASB 140 and other assets which cover its valuation under AASB 119, AASB 139, AASB 5 and AASB 141 etc. (AASB-136, 2007). According to paragraph 9 of AASB 136, every entity shall assess at each reporting date the indication of asset impairment and that indication can be gathered either through outer sources or inner sources of information. If any sort of indication exists, the recoverable amount will be estimated by the entity for that particular asset. Apart from indication, entities can also test for impairment to those intangible assets having infinite life plus those which are not available for use and for goodwill also on a yearly basis by comparing recoverable amount with the carrying amount (AASB-136, 2007). Now the calculation of recoverable amount is stated in paragraph 19-57 of AASB 136 which states that recoverable amount of asset or cash generating unit is higher of the two: fair value minus cost to sell and the value in use (AASB-136, 2007). Paragraph 25-29 of AASB 136 describes Fair value minus cost to sell. It means the value obtainable at the arms length price at the time of sale of cash generating units or assets minus disposal costs if any (AASB-136, 2007). Value in use means proposed Present value of cash flows derived from cash generating units or assets. If in case any amount (that is either value in use or fair value less cost to sell) is higher than carrying amount of assets or cash generating units then the other amount does not need to calculate because assets or cash generating units does not gets impaired. If it is not possible to estimate recoverable amount, then in such circumstances AASB 136 requires the arbitrary allocation of impairment losses to the assets or cash generating units excluding goodwill (AASB-136, 2007). After the above estimation, asset is impaired and the impairment loss is computed. The formula for Impairment loss = carrying amount less recoverable amount (AASB-136, 2007) Carrying amount means the net amount of assets or cash generating units after deduction of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss amount. According to Paragraph 59-64 of AASB 136, measurement and the recognition of impairment loss for individual assets is stated whereas under paragraph 65-108 of AASB 136, measurement and the recognition of impairment loss for the cash generating units or goodwill it is described (AASB-136, 2007). Paragraph 60 of AASB 136 Impairment loss must be recognised instantly in the statement of profit and loss account for non-revalued assets (AASB-136, 2007). After the recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation amount will be modified as per the revised carrying amount of assets. Cash Generating Units According to Paragraph 6 of AASB 136, Cash generating unit means group of assets that produces cash inflows which are not related to the cash inflows of other assets. Cash generating units must be regularly identified for the same assets unless otherwise specified. If after conducting test indication of impairment, recoverable amount shall be computed for the cash generating units only if recoverable amount of individual assets cannot be estimated. Recoverable amount for cash generating units shall be calculated same as per the calculation of individual assets. Paragraph 104 of AASB 136 describes the impairment loss for a cash generating units. As discussed above, impairment loss of cash generating units shall be recognised only when carrying amount of group of assets are more than recoverable amount of group of assets (AASB-136, 2007). For cash generating units, amount of impairment loss shall be apportioned in the following order to reduce the carrying amount: Firstly, reduce the goodwill carrying amount which was earlier allocated to the cash generating units, and Secondly, reduce the carrying amount of other assets in a group on the basis of pro-rata. Reversal of an impairment loss for a Cash generating units is described under Paragraph 122-123 of AASB 136. Reversal amount of impairment loss shall be apportioned in the same ratio of allocation of impairment loss (AASB-136, 2007). Disclosure requirements of this standard: This standard discloses following items: Amount of impairment loss Reversal of Amount of impairment losss References AASB 136. (2007). Impairment of assets. retrieved on 18 September 2017 from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB136_07-04_COMPapr07_07-07.pdf.

Abortion Pro-Life free essay sample

My conservative view on abortion highlights my views on life and how I believe that life starts at conception. Many people believe that it should be the woman’s right to decide what happens with her body but I disagree. Different news shows and newspapers broadcast their beliefs differently based on their political views. States are divided because they can’t seem to quite agree on this subject. Unborn babies have a fundamental right from the moment they are conceived to live their lives just like any other. They are innocent human beings who don’t have a voice to speak their opinion and need responsible parents to speak for them and make good decisions for their future. Liberals would state that a women’s right to her body is her choice she should get to decide whether or not she gets to keep it. Conservatives would call the Liberals liars and state that the only reason that they want to abort is because they have no necessary need for a baby. They should have thought about that before they went baby-making in the first place. Conservatives like Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand, a professor of Pediatrics, Neurobiology, and Anesthesiology believe that fetuses can feel pain if they are 20 or more weeks from the moment of gestation. She believes it to be excruciating pain. The bible’s sixth commandment also says that killing is a sin. Abortion involves killing a human being and defies a commandment from God. Liberals like Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, a PhD Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham states that fetuses don’t feel anything until they are born and surrounded by the real world. They think fetuses are not human beings. A fetus is considered to be human only when they are born. They argue that abortion is not killing another human being; it is simply terminating a pregnancy. Nobody can prove that personhood starts at conception. Liberals aren’t religious so they argue that the anti-abortion position is usually a religious position which threatens the separation of church and state. Religious beliefs are not to influence law in the United States. Conservatives say that the oath that doctors take when they become doctors forbids abortions when practicing medicine. An oath written by Luis Lasagna also forbids abortion in his line â€Å"Above all, I must not play God. † If religious beliefs are not to influence law then there should not be the use of God’s name in the Pledge of Allegiance or on the nation’s currency. The fact that religion is implemented in our society shows that we are a nation that is religious and relies on God. Therefore, abortions should be illegal. People that are pro-abortion would argue that abortions are safer than â€Å"back alley† abortions and reduce the number of deaths of mothers from 13 for every 100,000 during natural birth to less than 1 for every 100,000. A 1993 investigation found that a woman that has had 2 abortions has the same amount of chances of fertility as a woman that has had two natural births. Women should use contraceptives if they don’t want to birth a child, not abortions. A Center for Disease Control and Prevention found that 19-25% of women who received abortions had previously had one or more abortions. If abortion weren’t an option, women would learn how to be more careful with their bodies. Women say they have to abort because they do not have contraceptives available to them. They need a doctor’s prescription to have access to most birth control methods, like the pill, the patch, or the shot. Half of all large insurance companies do not cover the cost of birth control and only a third covers the birth control pill. In the year 2009, researchers have found that over 17 million women are without insurance. Women who abort are more prone to psychological diseases and damages. Studies show that women who aborted are 154% more likely to commit suicide than women who carried to term. Abortions also have a negative psychological effect on men. Men who’s partners have had abortions or forced them to feel regret, sadness, and go through depression. There are over two million couples that can’t have kids in the United States and there is a limited supply of kids available to adopt. There are only about 134,000 babies accessible to adopt as of June 2002. There would be more happy couples and more happy children in the world if they hadn’t been aborted. Just imagine if the world’s most famous athletes and scientists had been aborted because their mother’s didn’t want them. It should not be the mother’s decision on whether or not she gets to keep the baby. Even if there are licensed abortion physician doctors that perform those types of procedures, they are not supposed to call themselves doctors if they are taking away a humans life. There are about 1,800 licensed doctors that perform these horrendous acts. While selective abortion does give couples the option to choose not to birth babies with severe and life threatening conditions, it is based entirely on overt discrimination. The most famous people are people that were born with life threatening conditions much like the smartest guy on earth, Steven Hawking. There is an law called the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 that protects those people that need their civil rights protected for them to lead fulfilling lives. Abortion is an instrument of genocide especially for African Americans. African American women are 4. 5 times more likely to abort than white women. 1,876 African American babies are aborted every day. Abortion increases the likelihood that women will develop breast cancer. It interrupts the breast milking process and leaves those cells to just sit there. Tulare County alone has the most teen pregnancies and abortions. If teens did not abort so many children and respected themselves there would be more doctors and positions filled. There would be more high school graduates and more educated people to do higher end jobs. Minimum wage would be left to the high school students, while all the adults had higher end jobs. The unemployment rate would severely decrease and the unemployment claims would also decrease which would leave the state to spend more money on education and schools. The nation would be thriving with intelligent young adults and the world’s problems would get fixed much sooner like the deficit and all the money that comes out of the working class to pay for welfare.

To what extent can Lord and Lady Capulet be as good parents to Juliet Essay Example For Students

To what extent can Lord and Lady Capulet be as good parents to Juliet? Essay In the beginning of the play, each character played their own part as their own character. Juliet starts of in the play as the daughter who always follows whatever her parents say. Her parents have always loved her at the beginning and cared for her, but never knew what she wanted herself. Nurse however is like a mother figure to Juliet and knows what she wants, but also wants whats best for her. In Lord Capulets first appearance in the play, he says, my child is yet a stranger in the world, which is saying that his own daughter may be too young or too early to be bride for any man, which indicates he cares for Juliets safety, but also thinks she is still a child to him, not knowing for if Juliet loves someone or not. But he does show that he loves his daughter saying, The earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she, which shows she is his only hope and the one to show love for her. We will write a custom essay on To what extent can Lord and Lady Capulet be as good parents to Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Lady Capulets first appearance in the play, says to her, How stands your dispositions to be married, asking Juliet how she feels about getting married. Unlike Lord Capulet, Lady Capulet wants to know how Juliet feels about marriage instead of just thinking how she would feel like Lord Capulet has done, Lord Capulet only thinks that marriage would make her happy, without even asking her. Although Lady Capulet is asking her, she is also trying to persuade her in marriage by saying how honourable and happy it will make her and Paris together. When Juliet is asked if she shall like of Paris love, Juliet says, Ill look to like, if looking liking move, which shows that she does not want to immediately accept this marriage to a man she has not seen before, but cannot say no to her mother, even if she has not seen Paris yet. During the play, each character starts to change their place of character and emotion, like when Juliet falls in love with Romeo, she is concerned of what her parents would think if they ever find out, which shows why she does not want to tell them, the only one she does tell is Nurse, which shows she is the only one she can trust as she is the closest to a mother figure other than her real mother. We also see the first ruthless and powerful side of Lord Capulet when he is fair and open-minded enough to let Romeo attend the party. He is enjoying himself until Tybalt rushes to him to tell him about Romeo. Lord Capulet did not want anything to spoil his happiness, not even Tybalt, which got him angry with Tybalt by ordering him not to ruin anything at the party. When Tybalt dies in the story, the whole Capulet family changed their mood and were shocked and saddened to when they heard the news of Tybalt and Mercutios death. Lord and Lady Capulet felt even more angry and hatred on the Montague family and Juliet was not only upset for the death of her cousin, but upset when the Prince announced Romeo was banished. Lord Capulet knew how upset her daughter would have been about Tybalts death, so he decides that he wants to make Juliet happy by having her married to Paris. If his only hope and joy were happy, then maybe he himself would be happy. .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e , .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .postImageUrl , .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e , .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:hover , .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:visited , .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:active { border:0!important; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:active , .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0178951cb20c4d4666249e0a5807ad8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Who is to blame for the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet?   EssayAll of the characters then change their place of character when Juliet took a surprise step into saying no to her mother for the first time. This shocked Lady Capulet as she was expecting her to follow and go along with the wedding. Not only was Lord Capulet shocked by this, but was furious that her daughter was not obeying what he set out himself just to make her happy, or what he thought would make her happy. After caring for her and giving all he could, he is upset in the way Juliet has said no and now wishes she was never born. Nurse was frightful of what would happen if Juliet did not go along with th e wedding after seeing how much power Lord Capulet has over her, she did not want her hurt at all, which is why she wants whats best or her. I think Lord and Lady Capulet could make better parents to Juliet. Although they love her, they need to know and understand what she wants instead of making what they think is good for her, Lady Capulet should come into Juliets life more than Nurse as she is her real mother. And Lord Capulet should ask what Juliet wants instead of making her do what he thinks is best in his power.

Freedom Of Speech And The Internet Essays - Pornography Law

Freedom Of Speech And The Internet Essays - Pornography Law Freedom Of Speech And The Internet The United States of America was founded over two hundred years ago on the basis of freedom. Freedoms, which were wrote into, and are yet a part of the Constitution of the United States. Under the First Amendment of the Constitution, many freedoms are granted to the citizens of this great nation. Such freedoms as those of speech, religion, press, petition, and assembly are granted to all free citizens. But, where do our freedoms begin and end when it comes to the Internet? How can a small group of individuals regulate an entity that is much larger than its jurisdiction? Who is responsible for deciding what is considered proper for viewing to users? With so many regulations and rules governing the Internet, what happened to that right granted to us in the First Amendment? With all these rules and codes of conduct, one begins to wonder if the First Amendment gives us the freedoms it so justly states, or if we are just too ignorant to stand up and fight for the rights granted to us by t he Constitution (Constitution). Freedom of speech, on the Internet, has endured several battles throughout its recent history. In 1997, the Supreme Court has once already ruled in favor of freedom of speech in cyberspace. This ruling was in response to charges, which were brought up to a federal judge, involving the Communications Decency Act (CDA). The federal judge found for the defendant, stating that the CDA was unconstitutional. After appealing to the Supreme Court, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) took to the defense once again, fighting for the freedom of speech in the matter at hand. With their primary defense centered on the First Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled the act unconstitutional by a majority vote. This landmark decision sets the stage for future fights for the freedom of speech on and off of the Internet (Supreme Court). The Internet has also been of controversy when it comes to monitoring or blocking sites, which are deemed dangerous to minors. In another recent court case, a public library offering public Internet access had blocking software installed, restricting sites considered harmful to minors, limiting perfectly good

Bankruptcy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bankruptcy - Essay Example If Quick ratio, Current ratio and Times Interest Earned ratio are negative then this is an indication that the company faces liquidity problems and the creditors are not satisfied with the company's financial performance and also the creditors will not issue more debt in future (Tenk). If the company's cash outflows are higher than the cash inflows then this is an alarming situation for the company. It gives also the indication that there is any mismanagement exists in the company's operating, investing and financing activities (Tenk). 1. Implication on Current Asset: Current assets are reviewed critically after the announcement of bankruptcy. All the necessary payments to the creditors are made through sales of those assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 2. Implication on Future Assets: After bankruptcy, the company loses its money with respect to the payments made to the creditors and the money left is insufficient in order to acquire back the assets, to start running the business again in future. Moreover, time value of money and the factor of inflation also make a significant impression on the future assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 3. ... All the necessary payments to the creditors are made through sales of those assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 2. Implication on Future Assets: After bankruptcy, the company loses its money with respect to the payments made to the creditors and the money left is insufficient in order to acquire back the assets, to start running the business again in future. Moreover, time value of money and the factor of inflation also make a significant impression on the future assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 3. Implication on Future Credit: The element of bankruptcy also brings about a curse for the company as it then faces difficulty in acquiring additional debt for its future business operations. Because of bankruptcy the company's goodwill and credit ratings are also negatively impacted (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). PROS AND CONS OF BANKRUPTCY The advantages of bankruptcy are stated below: After filing the bankruptcy, the creditors are legally bound to stop all activities of debt collection. Filing for Bankruptcy give sthe company a fresh financial start In most of the bankruptcy cases certain categories of propertys like home, life insurance and car, are exempted in order to repayment of debt to creditor. The disadvantages of bankruptcy are stated below: Declaration of bankruptcy distorts the image and goodwill of the company. In near future the company faces difficulty financing their expenses by acquiring more debt. Due to the bankruptcy, the company's stock prices fall and there is an implication on ceasing the future business operations. Due to the effect to bankruptcy, the company loses control over its property (Bankruptcy Pros and Cons). In order to sue

Strategic Plan Part 1 Conceptulizing a Business Essay

Strategic Plan Part 1 Conceptulizing a Business - Essay Example All the aforementioned components exemplify the nature and purpose of an organization, its long-term goals, intention and logic behind its actions. This paper will present a comprehensive view of the function of the aforementioned elements in the formulation of a strategic plan. This paper will show this by establishing a mission, vision and values for Health and Beauty Rejuvenate (HBR). Proper business planning allows for the fulfillment of needs of both the firm and its customers. The objective of Health and Beauty Rejuvenate is to become the most recognized and preferential spa of choice where customers to enhance their innate beauty. The firm will strive to offer its customers a tranquil environment with the view to provide the best spa services to its customers. The center of the spa’s vision is to manage its operations in a long-term milieu with the aim of enhancing both shareholder and customer value and giving back to the local community in which the business will operate. The organization has a single focus i.e. to pamper its customers. The organization’s mission is not only to restore and relax its customers but also to rejuvenate its customers’ wellness and beauty. HBR intends to cater for its customers’ needs fully by providing first class services at immensely affordable rates. HBR aims at creating a peaceful environment, which ensures the clients instantly forget about their every day stresses, as well as providing services, which enhance clients’ lives. HBR will attain this objective through the employment of highly skilled and educated professionals committed to gaining thorough knowledge and appreciation of the firm’s clients to meet all their needs (Pearce & Robinson, 2009). Since the mission of HBR is to become a world class and the spa of choice, HBR will endeavor to expand its business and attain permanence through the realization that its values are crucial to the execution of these

Vacation Memory About Namibia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vacation Memory About Namibia - Essay Example John is an American who had come to Africa in the seventies and had attempted to hike from Cairo to the Cape Town. However, when he had arrived in Botswana, he had fallen in love with the country and had chosen to settle. John had taken the liberty of hiring a vehicle for us and we all went to spend the night at his magnificent house on the outskirts of the city. Early the next morning, we left Gaborone and traveled south until we came to the Trans-Kalahari road, which connects all the countries that have the Kalahari Desert within their borders. It was here that my preconceptions of Africa being a backward place, a jungle, were forever shattered. The Kalahari Desert has a diverse ecosystem with some parts of it being semi-arid and inhabited by cattle keepers who own large ranches. Other parts are filled with sand dunes as far as the eye can see and within these, one is likely to find antelopes that have adapted to life in the desert. After every two hundred miles, there is a picnic area where long distance drivers take a break before continuing their journey. This is a measure that the government of Botswana has taken to ensure that accidents due to fatigue are avoided. We reached the Namibian border after eight hours on the road and the friendly customs officers quickly cleared us to cross into Namibia. Immediately one enters Namibia, he is struck by the level of organization that the people of this country have. One will note that all the buildings and roads are built in straight lines and that everybody is very orderly in all their activities. We were told that this characteristic was inherited from the Germans who were the first people to colonize Namibia after the partition of Africa. However, the place that fascinated me the most in this country was the city of Windhoek, which is the cleanest and best-organized city I have ever seen.

How hooliganism in football has changed

How hooliganism in football has changed This report will look at Football hooliganism and how it has changed through the years. It will look at the early years of hooliganism and compare the hooliganism to todays hooligan firms. It will identify the way in which the hooligan has changed through the years from being easily identified, to the casual years in which the hooligan was more accustomed to the casual lifestyle of designer clothes along with the violence. It will also discuss the medias portrayal of a football hooligan and look at how football matches are policed with the use of CCTV to combat violence at football and how this has changed football hooliganism. A hooligan is said to be a young violent, destructive or badly-behaved person. Hooliganism is said to be unruly aggressive behaviour that is associated with hooligans. Dunning et al, (1998) suggests that behaviour such as this is widely associated with sports fans; however hooliganism is strongly linked with supporteres of football teams. Hooliganism has been linked with violence in sports. The link was made in particular to the late 1960s in the UK with football hooliganism. Football hooliganism is behaviour that can result in incidents such as brawls, vandalism and intimidation by rival football fans (The Independent, 2004). The term football hooligan has been created by the media to identify trouble makers during football matches. In the 1960s the media was flexible and indeterminate in giving the label to different types of incidents. Clarke, (1978) suggested that football hooliganism is seen by many people to mean violence or disorder involving football fans. Football hooligans are thought of as being violent people who want to cause trouble. Evidence has suggested that most of the football hooligans are in the age range of their 18 25 (Porter, 2002). In addition, evidence has shown that most hooligans come from a working class background which suggests that they are generally from low paid occupations. Some may be of unemployment or are working within a poor economy therefor hooligansim in football could take place to let off steam (Clarke, 1978). Specific types of disorder have been associated with hooliganism. One incident where hooliganism has been labelled to the incident is spontaneous and low level disorder which is caused by rival fans at or around football matches. Another incident where the hooligan label has been given is when there has been a deliberate and intentional violence which involves organised groups consisting largely of men who attach themselves to different football clubs and fight rival firms from other clubs (Sugden, 2003). Fights can break out between rival firms before or after football matches. In addition the main hooligans of the firms could pre-arrange locations away from stadiums in order to avoid any arrests by the police. The fights can happen without warning at the stadium or in the surrounding streets (Scott Pearson, 2007). Football hooliganism ranges from shouts to opposing fans to actual fist fights that can then lead to riots. In some major incidents people have been killed some of who may have been a by stander and just got caught up in the trouble. In cases that esculate out of control, riot police have stepped in with tear gas, armoured vehicles and water cannons to try and control the problems (Reiner, 1985). Buford, (1992) stated that football hooliganism first occurred in the late 1960s, which later peaked in later years of the 1970s and the mid 1980s. The problem seemed to subside following the Heysel and Hillsborough disasters involving Liverpool supporters. In the past, stadium brawls have resulted in fans fleeing in fear which caused some fans to be killed when fences or walls collapsed (Murphy et al, 1990) 29 May 1985 is a date that will be sat in the memory of many football fans. This date is significant because it was a day that resulted in the deaths of 39 Juventus supporters and a ban being placed upon English clubs. This ban from European competition was set for a period of five years. The European Cup Final took place in Brussels at the Heysel stadium. The stadium was old but still had been chosen to hold the final regardless of doubts and worries both stressed from both Liverpool and Juventus (Maguire, 1986). Problems occurred during the game between the rival fans. Liverpool fans ran into an area that was occupied by the Italian Juventus fans and as the Juventus fans tried to flee from the disorder a part of the stands wall collapsed. This resulted in many of the fans being crushed. UEFA, as a result of the incident placed a ban on all English clubs taking part from European competition football for an indefinite time. The ban was set for five years for English clubs but a ten year ban was placed on Liverpool. This ban was not completed as they only served six years of the ban and returned to European competition one year after later than the other English clubs. Liverpool fans had argued that Juventus supporters started the violence by throwing stones and other missiles such as bottles. Other fans have said that inadequate organisation for the match and a lack of crowd control by the Belgian authorities was the reason why this problem occurred. They blame insufficient numbers of police inside the stadium and feel if this problem was sorted it would have prevented fans from clashing. The Heysel disaster is still a reminder for people in Italy and the perception of an English fan as a hooligan still remains. As a result of the Heysel disaster, any large gathering that involves drinking and chanting are viewed as threatening to Italian fans even if the English fans are normal fans. Even though there is only a minority of football fans that cause trouble at games English fans have been labelled as hooligans who give a bad name for the normal, family and friendly fan. Although the blame for the trouble that occurred at Heysel stadium is shifted b etween the fans and the policing, this incident was put down to hooliganism (Marsh, 1996) With this tragedy hanging over the head of English football there was another stadium disaster again involving Liverpool fans. This disaster happened at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield in 1989. There were 96 Liverpool fans that were crushed which resulted in death and hundreds more fans were injured on the security fenced terraces of Hillsborough (Jones, 1992). Before the match Liverpool fans had to enter the stadium at their particular stand at Leppings Lane. This end of the stadium along with a large majority of the rest of the stadium was structurally bad and fans entered through a small number of dilapidated turnstiles. Many of the Liverpool fans entered on to the terraced area in the lower stand. This part of the stadium was surrounded with steel fences and was divided into five separate pens. The Fencing around the pitch had been put in place during the 1970s and 80s to control large crowds and to prevent pitch invasions and to separate rival fans. The pens that the fans were occupying behind the goal were full and outside the stadium there were still thousands of fans who were trying to get in. The official capacity of the pens was 2,200. It was later exposed that this capacity should have been reduced to 1,600 because the barriers that were installed three years before the incident did not meet the official safety standards. The pol ice have come into blame for the disaster because they had ordered a large exit gate to be opened to ease the crush outside the ground. When the gate was opened, around 2,000 fans made their way into the stadium and headed towards an entrance tunnel that lead straight to the already full pens. This incursion of fans had caused major overcrowding and resulted in severe crushing in the pens. The Liverpool fans began climbing over the side fences into the comparatively less occupied pens to escape. It was suggested that more than 3,000 supporters were placed in the central pens behind the goal which was almost double the safe capacity (Jones, 1992). When the game kicked off trouble occurred behind the goal in the Liverpool end. Five minutes into the game a crash barrier that was put up to prevent problems like this collapsed which resulted in people falling over and on top of each other. Liverpool supporters tried to climb the perimeter fences to escape to safety, and while others were pulled out of danger by other supporters in the upper tiers of the stand, many fans had already been crushed and many died. Bodies were being removed by surviving fans in an attempt to save anybody in danger but despite their efforts many of the fans were already dead. Fans used all manner of equipment to try and save other fans. Advertising boards were used as stretchers as ambulances and first aid were over run. When the problem occurred the police instructed the referee to stop the game. Ambulances with first aid equipment and fire fighters with specialist cutting equipment had difficulty getting into the stadium. Although many ambulances were sent to the incident, the access to the pitch was deferred because the police were reporting crowd trouble. This action could have caused more deaths than was necessary and therefore if the police had been quick enough to perceive the problem then many lives could have been saved. There was an inquiry into the disaster which was led by Lord Chief Justice Taylor. He recognized that the main cause of the disaster was a breakdown of police crowd control. He stated that the key factor of police control was the problem and the failure to close off the tunnel leading to pens behind the goal caused the crushing. He went on to condemn the police for their inability to deal with the accumulation of fans outside the ground properly and for their slow reaction to the disaster. The commander of police, Chief Superintendent David Duckenfield was criticised by Taylor for failing to take effective control of the situation that occurred. South Yorkshire police attempted to blame supporters for the crush because they arrived at the stadium late and drunk. Regardless of the Taylor report, which was also very critical of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club as well as the Sheffield City Council, in 1990 the executive of public prosecutions decided not to bring any unlawful charges against any individual, group or body due to inadequate evidence. This disaster had been firstly blamed on football hooligans but evidence suggests that it was the opposite of this. Reports have said that the disaster happened because of bad policing at the match and that the fans actions were because they were looking for safety whilst in the situation of panic. After this disaster major changes occurred in English football. Football stadiums were ordered to take down the fencing surrounding the pitches that were put up top prevent crowd trouble after this disaster and all seated stadiums were planned. The Football Supporters Association said that change in football hooliganism and policing of matches could be traced back to 1985 when problems resulted in 39 Italian fans being killed at a European Cup final during rioting by Liverpool supporters (Perryman, 2002). A great deal of soul searching among football fans had been encouraged after the tragedy and English teams were given a five year ban in European competition. English teams returned to Europe in 1991. A game between Manchester United and Barcelona was to be played for the European Cup Winners Cup in Rotterdam. Approximately 26,000 Manchester United fans travelled to Holland and reports suggested that there were just 28 arrests of which the majority was for drunkenness. Brown said that there was no doubt that football has changed (Humphries, 1995). Past hooligans have grown up and retired from any kind of hooliganism in football. New sets of hooligans and those young enough to replace them find it difficult to get into matches because of the increased policing of the situation. Capacity at a football match is down because new stadium regulations state that they must be all seated. Along with this, tickets have increased in price and getting into a match is harder as you can no longer pay at the turnstile gate. All tickets are purchased prior to the game and can only be bought if you are a member of the club. Although some games have tickets spare in which they are put on general sale. Even when this is the case tickets are to be bought in the official membership offices therefore tickets can be tracked down to their owner. This change in football was set to try and prevent the young, casual fan who was your typical hooligan (Scott, 2003) The National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) produced a report that exposed the number of arrests for football hooliganism in England and Wales. Their findings suggested that problems occurring at matches were up 8% in 2007. It also demonstrated that violence inside stadiums is now rare but the problem had moved to different areas away from the stadium and away from the majority of police to places such as pubs and train stations where intelligence was unaware of the happenings. The Football Supporters Association (FSA) believed that the tendency for football related violence in general is lower. The broad agreement was that there has been a vast development from the circumstances in the 1970s and 1980s. The NCIS statistics are certain to reopen the discussion on football hooliganism (Sleap, 1998). Football hooliganism has been reported to have first occurred in England. This media labelled English disease has proved highly contagious. In Europe the hooligan tradition is a much bigger predicament than in its country of derivation. Supporters of teams in Italy and Germany as well as other nations can all say to have caught Englands hooligan crisis. As these countries began to tighten up on hooliganism, new firms were being organised and violence started in the in countries such as Poland and Hungary. The legendary super hooligan armies, such as Manchester Uniteds Red Army and West Hams Inter City Firm, have become less publicised under the combined forces of severe legislation, all seated stadium, supporter segregation and closed circuit television (ONeill, 2005) The change of the typical hooligan through the years has shown that hooligans are now hard to identify. The change came in the late 70s. A different style of hooligan was identified and the term casual was placed upon many. There were also other names given to hooligans depending on where they came from. Perry boys from Manchester and scallies from Liverpool where two of numerous other regional names given for a similar type of football fan (Brimson, 2007) The casual scene was created from Liverpool fans in the 1970s. When Liverpool travelled to Europe for European competition a number of Liverpool fans started to steal clothes from designer shops. The expensive sportswear and designer labels found in Europe then found their way onto the terraces which resulted in the term casuals (Brimson, 2003). Many firms were going on trips to Europe to places such as Germany and France in order to steal from designer sports shops. They found this easy because security in European countries was much more negligent than back in the UK. Over a few year period, many football fans were wearing the expensive sport brands, with individual firms showing preference to particular brands such as Fila, Lacoste and Sergio Tachini (Brimson, 2006). England was said to have been the hotbed for football hooliganism through the 70s and 80s. Firms such as Manchester Uniteds Red Army, West Hams Inter City Firm (ICF), Millwalls Bushwhackers and Chelseas Head hunters were among the big named firms in England. European and South American teams have developed hooligan firms and the problem have been identifies and reports suggest that they have caused the problem of football violence to escalate. Weapons which include items such as knives, bats and firearms have produced a fresh culture of football hooliganism. The progress of development on football grounds, CCTV and elevated levels of policing at football matches have resulted in the number of arrests for hooliganism falling and during most games incidents of crowd trouble pass without any confrontation. Although, Dunning et al (2002), believe that football hooliganism is still experienced in many countries, especially in places of high unemployment. Whether it is the national side or club sides, England always have a strong following of supporters. England also has a reputation for violent behaviour with an extraordinary number of incidents occurring over three decades (Kerr, 1994). Disorder in and around English stadiums has reduced since the 1970s and 1980s. Hargreaves (1986) believed that English football stadiums are safer than if you were to go to a regular town centre on a Saturday night out. The problem of hooliganism showed signs of control, but trouble occurred during a carling cup match between West Ham United and Millwall in 2009. Violence surrounding Millwalls visit to West Ham led to 13 arrests. This suggested the question of should we panic about the chance of a return of hooliganism? Fighting on the football pitch between police and groups of angry young men, fighting rivals through the surrounding streets and drink fuelled aggression on public transport are sights that are recognizable to problems that were witnessed during football matches through the 1970s and 1980s. The problem that occurred at West Ham United is much different from the representation that the English leagues have proposed over recent years. A report published in 1999 revealed that football hooliganism in Britain had increased, for the first time in six years. The National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) reported that arrests for violent disorder at football matches almost doubled over the last season. Drew (1999), said that while the number of people involved in football related violence remained relatively small, they were well organised, and often used football matches as a cover for other criminal activity. The declining arrests at matches over a 20 year period suggest troublemakers are a minority. Pearson (2009) said that the trouble at West Ham does not correspond to a revival of the clashes in the past. While the annual number of arrests plummeted in excess of 6,000 in the mid-80s to less than 4,000 at present, the predicament of football hooliganism has by no means disappeared. The police are continually challenging to stop the progress of the compilation of supporters fighting with each other but the problem occurs more often than not away from the football stadium, between railway stations and pubs (Downes and Rock, 2005). Better guidelines of matches and ticketing policies requiring the names and the addresses of the ticket holder have made it easier to categorize hooligans. This knowledge of hooligans can result in the person being excluded from entering stadiums for up to a period of 10 years by courts. Pearson (1998) stated that we should be concerned about going back to the dark days of hooliganism. While there are still groups that associate themselves with football hooligan firms and still systematize aggression, the statistics involved are less significant. Away from the stadiums, smaller quantities of fans are expected to be implicated in disorder. Williams (2009), agrees that turmoil at one game does not correspond to reappearance in football violence but goes on to say that it would be dangerous to think we are in a post hooliganism era, particularly for fixtures with a history of violence such as West Ham United and Millwall. Hooliganism in football is an extremely evident occurrence. This is due to journalists and TV cameras being in attendance at the matches. Journalists have been sent to football matches since the 1960s to account crowd activities as much as on the game itself. Media coverage of football correlated disorder and violence is widespread as a result and the British tabloid press especially offer unrestrained column inches to any incident that transpires along with scandalous headlines (Cohen, 1970). Although there has been no direct comparable of the British journalist limits in other European counties, research has recognized inconvenience relating to media exposure of football hooliganism (Ingham, 1978). In the countries with high levels of disorder at football matches, research has established that hooligans enjoy the media exposure they obtain, and often seek it. Rival firms enthusiastically battle for column inches in papers and mentions in exciting headlines (Armstrong, 1998). The media manipulate football hooliganism greatly. This has been publicized in a recent football hooliganism report produced by the European Parliament. The report suggested that the media should steer clear of sensationalism and should encourage fairness and sporting principles (Greenfield 2006). The media portrayal of football hooliganism has been glamorised by documentaries and films such as The Football factory and Green Street which include West Ham United fans. This media representation gives an appalling name for football fans. West Hams firm is known as the Inter City Firm (ICF) which came from their use of the rail network to travel to and from matches. When using the trains they would meet in pre arranged locations with rival firms to fight. After any meeting with rival fans, The ICF would leave a calling card to show they had caused trouble at matches, which frequently implicated hostility between themselves and opposition fans and by destroying their pubs (Scott and Pearson, 2006). The Inter City Firms reputation has been glamorised and brought to the public eye. This has been accomplished by films and books that have been committed to the subject of hooliganism at football matches. A film called The firm follows the main leader of the ICF and is an example of these films. The firm is a vicious look at football violence and other related films such as the Rise Of The Foot soldier show the problems that occurred during the 1970s and 80s and also a look at how hooliganism works nowadays. Rise of the foot soldier is a film which follows the life of Carlton Leach and his rise up the criminal underworld beginning with West Hams hooligan element. This shows that hooliganism can lead to a much worse life of crime. Cass Pennant is a renowned figure that developed from West Hams ICF firm. He has writing many books on his life in football hooliganism and has been the focus to his own movie in the film Cass. Cass Pennants story is extraordinary given the high levels of racism common during the 1970s and 80s in Britain. Cass worked his way to the top of the firm and he later went on to become one of the generals of the ICF despite being black. With Pennant being the leader of the ICF during times of high levels of racism, this shows how much influence violence has on football because he became the main leader of the firm and was well known and respected around the country because of his reputation. Football Hooliganism has been labelled the English Disease on many occasions (Mason, 1979). This label has not been limited to England as other countries also have grave hooligan problems, possibly worse than in England. In Italy, vicious groups within the Ultra factions have in recent times been subjective to a large quantity of severe brutal incidents including attacks on English fans. (Greenfield, 2006). The risks of problems in Italy are particularly high in Rome, and in 2007 hooliganism resulted in the death of a police officer. In the same year Manchester United fans were involved in trouble with the police during a match against AS Roma. After a goal was scored by AS Roma, Manchester United fans retaliated to the home fans who threw objects such as bottles into the Manchester United away end of the stand. When the two groups of supporters come together they were separated by a Perspex barrier. Police stepped in to stop the trouble but were heavy handed and assaulted Manchester United fans with police batons. The police tried to control the problem but were the main reason for the disorder. Many people said that Manchester United Hooligans were to blame for the trouble but footage shows that police could not control the problem correctly resulting in many Manchester United fans being injured. After the incident the Sun newspaper stated that Manchester United fans were charged by police with batons during the 2-1 defeat in Roma. They went on to say that Manchester United Supporters had been compressed back away from the police as they reacted heatedly to being taunted by rival Roma fans. In the column where the story was published the reporter said that One supporter was hit over the head and needed treatment for a bloodied head. United followers had been barracked after a goal went in just before half time in the Champions League quarter-final first-leg match. The Roma fans charged towards a plastic partition that separated the both set off fans. In response, some of the United fans broke the line of stewards that were the security for the match and hurled objects back over the partition towards the AS Roma supporters. This shows that Manchester United fans were not the only fans to blame. Although they reacted badly to the situation, the Italian fans started the disorder and the Italian police continued to cause problems. The Sun newspaper went on to say Before the game, seven Manchester United fans had already been injured when they clashed with AS Roma supporters outside the ground. (The Sun, 2007) The severe disarray between sections of Ultras has led to stadium closures and resulted in matches being played with no fans within the stadium. It could also result in the failure of Italys attempt to hold the 2012 European Championships in their country. After the disorder in Italy, the return match at Old Trafford in Manchester was set to be heavily policed because of the fear that trouble would occur. Just as the police thought, fighting broke out between Manchester United fans and AS Roma fans. This incident was better policed and arrests were made with no heavy handed policing situations. Although trouble occurred out side the stadium before the match, no trouble occurred within the stadium and Manchester United came away 7 -1 winner on the night. A number of different approaches have been used by the police in order to police football hooliganism. One of the key approaches has been the use of undercover operations. The use of plain clothes officers to infiltrate groups of hooligans has been used in the UK since the 1960s (Pratt et al, 1984) Football hooliganism will never disappear from the game. This is because whenever there are large groups of people together, of whom consume large amounts of alcohol, there is the possibility that disorder can occur whether or not there is a match taking place. Many types of lawful resources and policing tactics have been attempted to control hooliganism, including prevention sentencing, laws such as the Football Offences Act (1991) and also the formation of the Football Intelligence Unit. During the apparent stature of football hooliganism in the 1970s and 80s, consecutive governments put into practice a succession of aggressive policies that enclosed a small amount of evidence to suggest an understanding of hooliganism. they served only to make the problem worse and created an ever more argumentative approach between football fans and the police. Other methods have driven the violence away from the instantaneous surroundings of the football ground (Taylor, 1971) Attempts to prevent hooliganism have seen legislation such as the Football Disorder Act (2000). This was set up to put a stop to alleged hooligans travelling abroad. This method has serious penalties for the normal innocent fans. There is apprehension concerning banning orders and whether the bans would have any effect in dropping the rates of disorder in football that involve English fans when playing abroad, taking into consideration the evidence that suggests that it is not the recognized hooligans who are caught up in the incidents (Stott and Pearson 2007). Since the Taylor report (1990) Football hooliganism has changed considerably.All-seated stadiums have been introduced and all teams must make an attempt to rectify any underlying problems in relation to standing areas at stadiums. Football Intelligence and Closed Circuit Television have helped to deal with the situation because the trouble makers cant get away with the incident as they would have done before the CCTV was put into operation. This means that incidents of aggression within football stadiums are rare. Additionally, arrests for football related offences have reduced radically since the late 1980s. At the same time, attendances have increased (Morris, 1981). The extent of the disorder is often inflated by unnecessary media reporting and many times English supporters have been the victims of attacks by neighbouring fans or the police to a certain extent than being the provokers. The press has characteristically claimed such disorder is the consequence of hooligans travelling with the purpose of hostility and being capable to expose the drunken English fans into disarray. Stott and Pearsons (2007) criticised this observation and recommended that outside issues such as unsystematic policing and the attendance of hostile neighbouring youths were typically the source of rioting relating to English fans abroad. UK police have to handle the problem of prearranged football hooligan firms aiming to face up to each other on a expected foundation. The disorder is seldom accounted as a result of the lack of exposure of the occurrence and as it generally occurs far from the stadiums and normal fans do not affected by it (Dunning et al, 1988) In conclusion, Football Hooliganism is a well conceived, presented subject that discusses a great deal on the subject of anti-social behaviour, which is a problem that seems to get larger and larger in organised societies (Downes and Rock, 2005). Football hooliganism is detrimental to the sport. As a result of safety measures and controlling of supporters, hooliganism has changed (Neurberge, 1993). To avoid excesses in hooliganism in future, fierce measures will have to be balanced by a social preventive approach. From research, several elements are critical to avoid excesses in hooliganism (Hutchinson, 1982) The UK has been perceived as having the biggest and longest problem with hooliganism and has as a result taken the lead in the policing of this problem Hooliganism still presents a problem for the Police. The prevention of football hooliganism depends on the efforts of a variety of institutions (Pearson, 1983). The prevention of football hooliganism requires a concentrated and continuous response. Despite resemblances, football hooliganism is nested within particular fan cultures. Prevention strategies should therefore be designed to fit local needs (Dunning et al, 1993) Football violence has been reported to have been a problem in Britain since the formation of the game. Regardless of the major development that has been made to tackle the state of affairs, in all probability it will still be a predicament for the remainder of time (Ferguson, 1993). Fans who stopped going to watch football matches years ago due to the violence involved in football hooliganism, should now feel safe to return to matches as it is not the concern it once was. In spite of the guarantee we get from football authorities and the government, most fans will still walk to games with a thought in the back of their mind and a glance over their shoulder to make the

Sense of Belonging in Our Society :: Personal Narrative Essays

Sense of Belonging in Our Society Fashion is one of those things that people can claim they don't care about. They can defend again and again that it doesn't matter what one wears, it's the person who wears it. But in all likelihood they will continue to be judged, as we all are, for the clothes on our body, the shoes on our feet and the hairstyle we are sporting. In one journal entry I wrote, I brought to light that the popular group is something that every one of us, for some reason feels as though we need to be a part of. This is from my own experience and things I have observed throughout my four-year career in high school. I think it was perhaps worse in junior high, however. When you are in seventh and eighth grade you are not sure of who you are and are desperately searching around for something to belong to, to be a part of. Why is this, why are we a society that are most often drawn to the most popular, "cool" and "beautiful" that high school has to offer? Why is acceptance the most important thing to us, is belonging really as important as losing your own sense of self? Who you hang out with, who your closest friends are as an adolescent without a doubt help to shape who you are. And it's funny that you seem to end up being friends with the ones who are the same type of people as you. Same fashion sense, taste in music or cars and movies. When searching for an identity in high school, it is hard not to just attempt to pick up the one that seems the most socially acceptable. I know that my personal experiences include these conforming characteristics. Still as a freshman in college I am constantly looking at the fashion of my peers, wondering to myself "do they think I fit in"? This was especially true the first few weeks of college when I wasn't sure who my good friends were going to be; I made sure that I dressed as well as I could everyday, in all the new clothes I had bought specifically for college.

Population: 485; Culture Essay

Michael Perry introduces several themes throughout Population: 485. Love, pain and acceptance are all touched upon in his memoir, but one that seems to stick out and is brought up again and again is death. As a volunteer firefighter, most of the connections he makes with the people of his community are caused by responding to emergency accident and fire calls- many of which result in death. In our culture, and every culture, death is an inevitable fact of life. We all, at some point in our lives, are going to encounter the death of someone close to us. Whether it will be a family member, friend or ourselves, young or old, it is going to happen and we will have to face it. Death affects everyone differently and the way we cope with loss varies with every person and with every culture. When the majority of us think of death, we see someone old and sick, frail and weak. While mourning the loss of a loved one is never easy, regardless of age or cause of death, losing a young friend or family member is an even more challenging reality to face. It is often the unexpected losses that don’t make sense. We ask ourselves â€Å"Why? † â€Å"Why did this happen? and try to bring meaning to the tragedy. â€Å"Surely we can’t die just because we hit a patch of pebbles on a curve. Surely there is preordination in the pea gravel. We are creatures of myth, hungry for metaphor and allegory, but most of all, hungry for sense. † (p. 132). This is one of the ways our culture copes with death. We refuse to believe that a you ng person could die so quickly and meaninglessly and we are swift to find a reason behind it all. In reality though, there is no answer. Seven years ago a close friend of mine died due to injuries caused by a motorcycle accident. He was twenty years old. It was a painful experience that left me questioning my faith and asking why such a good person was taken away at such a young age. I did try to find reasoning behind it, but never really came up with an answer. I cried for weeks, for hours at a time. I couldn’t stop thinking about how real this was, how I was never going to see his face or hear his voice again. So many things in life he didn’t get a chance to experience. I longed to go back in time to find a way to prevent his final outcome, but I soon realized there was nothing I could do. His death brought many people close together. We had huge gatherings, for a couple months after he passed, with all of his friends and family. We told stories and talked about our greatest memories we had with our friend, laughed and cried together. We supported each other, shared our feelings and listened to one another. It was our way to cope with our loss. We soon realized that the world doesn’t stop for people to grieve, so after a while, the parties died down and we all got back to our normal routines. Life forces you to get it together and to move on and time heals all wounds. I now hold my friend as a memory and know that I will see him again someday. We often see this in our culture. People come together to help each other through hard times. Emotional support and counseling are other ways people in our culture cope with death. This memory has been triggered by the story Michael Perry tells of Tracy Rimes. Tracy was killed in a motor vehicle accident while taking a corner too fast or too wide. She was just a teenager, not even graduated from high school. Parts of her story are brought up again and again by the author throughout the book. I think this incident got to him and he had a hard time coping with this one. Maybe it was because she was so young with a lot of life ahead of her. Maybe it marks a milestone or turning point for him. â€Å"Today we had tragedy, but it was our tragedy, and we dealt with it not only as public citizens, but also as friends and neighbors†¦ To feel at home is a rare, precious thing, and I began to feel at home that day. † (p. 16). It was the day he made his connection and found his place. Maybe he relates aspects of the incident to his own life. In chapter one there is a paragraph where he is talking about the accident and he describes how the girl was â€Å"pinned in silence† after the violent squalling, glass exploding, rubber tearing, steel tumbling and then just stillness. As if peace is the only answer to destruction†¦ The girl is terribly, terribly alone in a beautiful, beautiful world. † (p. 4). He describes the land and nature so much in the book with such life and love, and also comes off as kind of an outsider always looking in, trying to find a place to belong. Does he too feel terribly, terr ibly alone in a beautiful, beautiful world? I think this is another way to cope with death. Find a positive outcome from a tragedy. Death can make a person stronger. It can make someone open there eyes to life and not take it for granted. It can make someone open their doors a little wider to friends and family and let people in. Michael shares a lot of stories throughout his book that involve the unexpected deaths he has encountered. In fact, he has seen a dead person so many times he says, â€Å"I can look at you and know exactly what you would look like dead. † (p. 128). I can relate to this in a way. While I have never imagined what the person sitting next to me will look like when they’re dead, I have also seen many a corpse. It comes as part of the package when you choose a career in healthcare. I have worked as a respiratory therapist for four years now in a hospital. We respond to all the codes and traumas that come in and are basically responsible for a person’s airway. We also manage the ventilators and occasionally have to â€Å"pull the tube† when it has been determined that the ventilator is just prolonging the dying process, if that is what the family wishes. At first, it was hard for me to deal with the situations. I would go home still thinking about that pale, lifeless body. I couldn’t get the voices out of my head of the family screaming the patients name and crying and praying. It all got to me. I cried the first few times, but then I quickly learned that you have to somehow detach yourself from the emotional aspect of the situation, sort of take your mind somewhere else for a minute than get back to reality, like the author seems to do in his writing. Now, after seeing so many, a dead body doesn’t even phase me. It’s no big deal anymore to respond to a code, perform CPR, suction nasty stuff from an endotracheal tube that’s deep in the throat of a patient covered in blood and bowel†¦ and then go eat lunch. Sounds gross, but it’s our job. You just learn to block certain things out. I think Michael uses his ability and love for writing as a way to cope with death. He seems like sort of a loner, maybe he doesn’t feel comfortable talking with someone about what he’s thinking or feeling, so he writes stories and anecdotes about them. The way he starts a story of one his calls, than jumps to a completely different subject, and then later returns to finish the story maybe is a reflection of another way he handles death. It’s like he takes a break for a minute and shifts his thoughts somewhere else, so that he can return to the facts of the story, and not be interrupted by emotions. I think writing or keeping a journal with our own stories, thoughts and emotions is another way our culture copes with death too. I think death is an aspect of our culture that we don’t much like to talk about, or think about. We know that we are all going to someday die, and that everyone we know will too someday pass, but it is much more comfortable to take for granted tomorrow. Death is something that could potentially happen to anyone, at any given moment and I think it is our avoidance of death that creates such grief when the death of a loved one comes unexpectedly. For me, it’s the unknown part of the afterlife that scares me. That and the thought of not being with my children. In the book, Michael Perry shares his own feelings of dying. He brings the reader to the woods, where he feels that sleeping in the presence of the trees and in the dirt joins him with the earth and gives him a sense of what it is to be holy. â€Å"I have come to think of my sleeps in the forest as a rehearsal for burial†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 140). He gives the impression that he is prepared for death and that we should ponder upon the fact that it is coming. Not how or where or why, just the simple truth that we will be gone someday and it may seem less discomforting if we just accept the fact and â€Å"give it a nod now and then. † (p. 140). Death can get to be a very sensitive subject in our world today. It means so many diverse things to different people and cultures and is handled in your own way by each individual. For the most part, I think coping with the loss of a loved one comes down to a person’s individual beliefs, traditions, and culture. It is a personal choice whether or not to prepare for and accept death. Michael Perry brings the subject to your attention several times throughout the book, almost forcing you to think about death. â€Å"Be grateful for death, the one great certainty in an uncertain world. Be thankful for the spirit smoke that lingers for every candle gone out. † (p. 142). We don’t know when or why or how, but death is coming. To you, to me, to everyone someday. It’s a scary thought, but I hope I can build an acceptance to the inevitable fact of life and be at peace with death when it knocks on my door, before it’s too late.

Race in Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson essays

Race in Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson essays Mark Twains novel Puddnhead Wilson is a controversial commentary on race, identity and social determination. The action of the novel takes place in a small town in Missouri, called Dawsons Landing, in a society in which the relationship between the white people and the black was still a master-slave relationship. The text tells the story of two boys who are exchanged soon after their birth by Roxana, a slave of Percy Driscoll. The changelings exchange thus more than their names, which are Thomas a Beckett and Valet de Chambers, respectively. They exchange their race, their identity, their social position and even their lives. In an almost Shakespearian vein, Mark Twain joggles with the notion of mistaken or stolen identity. There is a particular emphasis in the text on clothes, veiling and face painting, all of which serve as masks and disguises. The two central characters in this maze of plots are Roxana and the lawyer Wilson, who plays the role of a detective and who eventually unr avels the mystery of the two twins. Roxana is a slave with only one sixteenth black blood and the rest white. The central figure of the novel, Roxy stands out as a very interesting and contradictory character. Attempting so save her son from being sold down the river, she switches the two babies that were born the same day, soon after their birth. Roxana is thus more than an overzealous mother, who is trying to protect her child at all costs. Her desperate act makes of her a modern character: by switching the two children, Roxana frees identity from its racial and social determination. Thus, her main role in the novel is to prove that identity is not dictated by the racial origin, but by the social environment in which a certain person lives. The core problem of the novel is thus the attempt to give a definition of identity, in the context of racial difference. From the beginning, identity is introduced in the novel as someth...

The Weather - English Vocabulary in Examples

The Weather s Here are words used to describe the weather from stormy days to beautiful sunny days on the beach. Words are categorized into different sections. Youll find example sentences for each word to help provide context for learning. Speaking about the weather is often considered important for small talk, and used to make predictions about the weather.   The Weather - Describing the Weather (Adjectives) The following are all words that are often used to describe the weather: breezy - Its very breezy today. I think its a northern wind.bright - They got married on a bright, sunny day in June.clear - Wait till the weather is clear to take a bike ride.cloudy - Some people prefer to hike when its cloudy rather than when its sunny.damp - I hate damp, cold days when I cant warm up.drizzly - The weather is rather drizzly today. You should take a rain jacket.dry - Next week will be hot and dry.dull - The weather is dull this week. I wish it would rain.foggy - The foggy bay can be dangerous if you arent careful.hazy - Its so hazy today that I cant see any of the mountains.rainy - The weather in Portland is often rainy.showery - Spring weather often features showery days followed by a few days of sunshine.snowy - If you are a skier, youll be happy to know that it will be snowy next week.stormy - The stormy weather put him into a foul mood.sunny - I want to go anywhere thats sunny and mild.wet - Winter is usually very wet in the Northwest.   The Weather - Nouns breeze - Theres a gentle breeze blowing today.cloud - Do you see that cloud that looks like a cow?drizzle - When will this steady drizzle stop?!fog - Theres a thick fog on the bay this morning.hailstone - The hailstone broke the window.haze - The haze is very thick in the air today. Maybe theres a fire in the hills.lightning - The lightning frighted the children as it flashed.rain - We expect more than four inches of rain on Saturday.raindrop - The raindrop ran down her cheek.rainfall - The rainfall thundered on the roof.shower - We had quite a shower this morning. Im still wet!snow - Taking a walk in the snow is very peaceful.snowfall - The snowfall continued through the night.snowflake - Did you know that every snowflake is unique?storm - The storm raged for three days and left ten dead,sun - Without the sun, we have no life.sunshine - The sunshine shone through the window.thunder - The loud thunder could be heard for miles.wind - The wind blew 40 miles per hour. The Weather - The Temperature (Adjectives) chilly - Its very chilly this morning.cold - Take your jacket. Its cold out!freezing  - Im going to wear gloves as its freezing.hot - I like hot, lazy days on the beach.mild - Its best to go hiking in mild weather thats not too hot.scorching - Its scorching in the dessert. Be careful.warm - Its a beautiful, warm afternoon.   The Weather - Verbs glow - The sun glowed as it set in the west.freeze - The rain might freeze on the trees tonight.hail - It hailed so hard it looked like snow.pour - The rain poured for three days.rain - Its raining outside.shine - The sun shone through the trees.snow - It snowed three inches last night.   The Weather - Idioms As right as rain Everything is OK, or good in a situation / I feel as right as rain today. Itll be a good day.Be a breeze Be easy, no problems / Dont worry about the test. Itll be a breeze.  Be on cloud nine be extremely happy or even ecstatic /  He was on cloud nine after he met her.  Break the ice begin a conversation / Ill break the ice by introducing myself.The calm before the storm A period of uneasy stillness before something bad happens / It feels like the calm before the storm. I hope hes not too angry.Come rain or shine Something will happen despite any problems /  Were going to play baseball come rain or shine.  It never rains, but it pours Bad news or problems tend to come together in large groups / When you have problems it feels like it never rains, but it pours.

Relevant Organizational Records of Your Performance Review Meeting Essay

Relevant Organizational Records of Your Performance Review Meeting - Essay Example After analyzing the self performance form, I can clearly tell there were areas where he thinks he does exceptionally well and then there were those areas where he thinks he hasn't performed that well. After getting done with the performance self review form, I asked him some questions and those questions were based on his response on the self performance form. Other then that during the entire course of the meeting I had a notepad with me in which I noted down details regarding this interaction with Mr. X. The main points that I looked forward to in this meeting were whether Mr. X was confident, calm and composed during the entire self review process or he was too afraid of being appraised. I also had a company evaluation form which I had to fill in as I interviewed him. This form contained many questions but the main ones were regarding his performance during the interview, whether I thought he had what it took to be promoted, if I thought he had leadership qualities, was Mr. X to m e capable of handling more responsibilities and if he was capable of performing well under pressure. All these questions lead towards the main question which asked me if Mr. X in my opinion is deserving enough to be promoted to the next level the company's hierarchy. Reflections On Your Performance For Your CPD Record The meeting started off right on time. Before I handled over the self performance form to Mr. X, I introduced myself and told him the what the purpose of this meeting was. I informed Mr. X what job reviews actually are. I told him it is a method by which the on job performance of of an employee is measured or evaluated by a senior manager in the company. I informed him that such performance reviews take place once every year and explained him the entire process of this self performance. I personally think I did really well to let him know about the entire process and how things work out on the promotional scale. However, I think there was a communication gap between us and that could be attributed to me speaking to fast. I think this is one thing I really need to improve on and this is not really the first time that this has happened to me. Prior to this, in yet another performance appraisal interview, a candidate complained he was unable to interpret what I said as I he complained as I spoke too fast. After explaining him all this, I handled the performance evaluation form to him and told him how to fill it out. I told him about the possible options on the form and that he should select one which suits him best. It took him around half an hour to get done with the performance evaluation form and as soon as he was done he handed over the form to me. After receiving the evaluation form I first looked at his answers and I determined that he personally has a very balanced opinion about he he performs at work. Subsequently, I designed my questions keeping in view of what I got to know of him through the evaluation. However, here I must agree to the o ne fault I made after looking at the self evaluation form. I personally thought that Mr. X was a very proud person and I came to this view after looking at the evaluation form and finding out there were generally more ticks on â€Å"excellent† and â€Å"good† to the answers then on â€Å"poor† and â€Å"average†. My views however changed as I moved on to interview him. When I asked him if he thought he's a good worker, he told me that he thinks he doesn't know if he's good or not but he said he

Burden and Standard of Proof Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Burden and Standard of Proof - Case Study Example Accordingly, the claimant usually bears the legal burden (and by necessity an evidential burden) of proving all the elements of his claim. Similarly, the defendant bears the legal (and evidential) burden of proving any defence and/or counter claim against the claimant. The burden of proof in criminal cases: The basic rule was laid down by Viscount Sankey LC in Woolmington v DPP3, 'Throughout the web of the English criminal law one golden thread is always to be seen, that it is the duty of the prosecution to prove the prisoners guilt4'. It would be possible to justify the rule as part of a policy to avoid embarrassing criticisms of the administration of justice by minimising wrongful convictions. These are more likely to be avoided if the burden is fixed in this way then if an accused person has to prove his innocence. It is also possible to justify the rule by appeal to principle. For example, it would be a necessary feature of the law if it were accepted that, in Dworkin's words, people have a profound right not to be convicted of crimes of which they are innocent. Viscount Sankey said that the rule was subject to exceptions in the case of the defence of insanity and subject also to any statutory exception. But there have been Challenges to the idea that it is ever just to place a legal burden of proof on defendants. Standard of Proof of civil and criminal cases: In criminal cases the standard of proof to which the prosecution must prove its case has been variously described as 'beyond reasonable doubt' (Woolmington v DPP5). In Miller v Minister of pensions6, Denning J described the standard of proof in civil cases as follows: If the evidence is such that the tribunal can say; 'we think it more probable than not,' the burden is discharged, but, if the probabilities are equal, it is not. There are, however, some exceptional cases where the criminal standard of proof is required: (a) Contempt of court (Re Bramble vale Ltd7; Dean v Dean8) (b) Where a person's livelihood is a stake (R v Milk Marketing Board, ex p Austin the Times, 21 March 1987). (c) Allegations of misconduct amounting to a criminal offence in disciplinary hearings (Re A Solicitor9, R (on the application of s) v Governing Body of YP School10). (d) Where statute requires the criminal standard of proof (Judd v Ministers of Pensions and National Insurance11). Presumption of innocence: Legal burdens on defendants may have to be considered in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights, which is now incorporated into English law Under the Human Rights Act 199812. The ECHR, Article 6(2) provides that every one with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until provided guilty according to law. The leading authority is Attorney-General's Reference (No 4 of 2002)13, from which the following principle may be distilled. a) The Defendant has a right to a fair trial, b) The Presumption of innocence is an important but not an absolute right and so derogations from the principle are permitted. c) The ECHR require a balance to be struck between the rights of the individual and wider interests

Leadership Phase 3 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Phase 3 Individual Project - Essay Example As a great deal as this wanted alter is to benefit both Ouest and EEST, more than a few things still need to be in use into consideration to make sure its achievement. In the three-year research learn, Organizing for Change (as quote in Paton, 2005), seven factors were identified for alter to be successful. Basically, the seven factors wrap top organization support that ensures planned agenda position with business objectives from side to side infrastructure and substantive taking part and development of the workers. This is ambitious by a strong reform team skilled in project organization (Orlikowski, W. J., & Hofman, J.D, 2004). As Director of Order Fulfillment Applications, it is fraction of your duties to contain an understanding of the EEST civilization. It has now also turn out to be fraction of your duties to appreciate the Ouest culture. The amalgamation of these two cultures into one operational system will be fraction of your change organization plan. Given that you are the one ready with knowledge of the overall company strategies as well as the culture at the other end of the managerial tree, you have to be able to create it work for the benefit of the corporation as a entire and for the benefit of each person in your subdivision (Doyle, M.I., & Smith, M.K, 2007). Organisational civilization can be distinct as "The specific compilation of principles and norms that are communal by people and groups in an organisation and that manage the method they interrelate with each other and by means of stakeholders exterior the organisation". Each and each organisation has its sole culture; this is usually shaped automatically, based on the decision of top organization and the core personnel inside the organisation. The events of employees within an organisation are more often than not a consequence of not only their own thoughts, but are largely prejudiced by the socialisation procedures of the exact culture to which they

Products & United States Essay Example for Free

Products United States Essay The product selected for this particular study is Crest whitening toothpaste. Crest has been one of Proctor Gamble’s major global products since it was launched in the United States in 1955. Since then the product has changed in a few ways, namely in the active content of the product, and how it is marketed. This study will look at whether these changes were successful, and what strategies were used by Proctor Gamble to initiate these changes. In the last five to ten years, the Crest range of toothpastes has been expanded to include a variety of products which promote the whitening element of the core toothpaste product. These include the development of a long lasting mouthwash to complement Crest toothpaste as well as whitening strips which can be applied to teeth after brushing and mouth washing. The core product has also been changed, with a wider variety of Crest products, from sensitive whitening to weekly cleaning cream. These changes and the excellent brand management at Proctor Gamble have allowed the product to be developed slightly but clearly and concisely, without moving away from the core strategic elements of their corporate strategy, to deliver products which improve the lives of everyday people around the world. These changes have been made using a simple brand management strategy, which was not to try and develop the next big thing, but to focus on what Proctor Gamble are good at, and maintain the market share of the old staple products, such as Crest.   This strategy was implemented by the CEO Alan Lafley, who was appointed in 2000. He wanted to streamline the business around its core products, and Crest was one of those products. This brand building strategy was very successful and has helped Proctor Gamble become one of the biggest companies in the United States today.