Child Abuse Essay Example for Free

Child Abuse Essay Child abuse is any emotional, sexual, or physical mistreatment, as well as neglect of a child. Some countries may vary in their definition of the term. In the USA. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) defines child abuse as child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. A UK guidance Working Together to Safeguard Children 2010 (1. 33-1.36) says that there are four types of child abuse: Emotional abuse Sexual abuse Physical abuse Neglect Although the UK guidance does not specifically mention bullying as a form of abuse, the countrys authorities say that there is compelling evidence that it is abuse, and will invariably include at least one of the four abuse categories defined. Child abuse can happen anywhere, in the childs home, school, community or other organizations, environments or places. What is physical abuse? Physical abuse may include, as defined in the UK and most other European Union countries: Burning Drowning Hitting Poisoning Scalding Shaking Suffocating Throwing When a parent/caregiver fabricates a symptom in a child When a parent/caregiver induces an illness in a child deliberately ..and any other type of physical harm to a child Some countries specifically define the following, as forms of physical abuse (some overlap those listed above) Belting, Biting, Blinding a person or causing impairment of sight, Cutting or  otherwise exposing somebody to something sharp, Drowning, Excessive pinching on the body, Exposure to a dangerous animal, Exposure to a toxic substance, Exposure to cold, freezing, Exposure to electric shock, Exposure to heat or radiation, Burning, Head-butting, Infecting with a disease, Kicking, Kneeing, Placing in stress positions (tied or otherwise forced), Poisoning, Punching, Pushing, pulling, Slapping, Sleep deprivation, Stabbing, Strangling, Striking with an object, Striking, Throwing acid in someones face, Throwing or shooting a projectile, Tickling non-consensually, Tripping, Whipping, Withholding food or medication. In a growing number of countries, using corporal punishment as a form of imposing or teaching discipline, is seen as a form of physical child abuse.

Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw Essay -- Pygmalion Bernard Shaw Essays

"Pygmalion" by Bernard Shaw The word 'benefit' is defined as; 'a favourable or helpful factor or circumstance'. Many benefits are not immediately recognised, as they can be the result of something bad. In the play 'Pygmalion', by Bernard Shaw, Liza gains many benefits, but also disadvantages from her relationship with Higgins. Looking at benefits, she receives some beautiful clothes; 'I'm to have fashionable clothes' (p. 63), a good place to stay and financial ease. She meets other friends such as Freddy; 'I'll marry Freddy, I will' (p. 131), and she has permanent companions. However, though she has learned good speech with Higgins, she has not learnt manners, and is treated almost like an animal. She is unhappy for a while, and is used by Higgins greatly. But was it worth it for Eliza to have spent any time with Higgins? Do the benefits outweigh the disadvantages? Throughout her time with Higgins, Eliza immediately became financially viable. She has all the clothes she could ever need, and has her jewellery hired for her. She is always supplied with ten pounds; 'the Colonel thinks you should never go out without ten pounds' (p. 110). This enables her to get taxis when she likes, and to do things without worrying that she hasn't enough money. Her association with Higgins also provided Eliza with a place to stay. She could stay at Higgins home for however long she wanted; 'Eliza, you are to live here' (p. 45). She also, of course, receives lessons on how to speak like a lady, although she does pay for those; 'I won't give more than a shilling' (p. 39). She learns pronunciation, and grammar, and of course is being taught by one of the best English linguists around at that time. Thirdly, Eliza gains co... ...e case financially, but good friends and a better husband than Freddy may have been the result of staying on the streets 'soylin' voylets'. We can see that Higgins impression on Eliza has changed; in Act One being 'you squashed cabbage leaf' (p. 27) through to Act Five 'I can't turn off your soul' (p. 127). He considers her more of a human being by this time, and this may have proved to her benefit in later life. Eliza, however, realises the strange equality between herself and Higgins, beginning in Act One 'I've a right to be here, same as you' (p. 27) through Act Five 'I have been brought up like him using bad language' (p. 121). This may suggest that Eliza proved almost as much of a benefit to Higgins as he did to her. In my opinion, this relationship benefited both characters, and without this occurrence, their lives would not have been so fulfilled.

Black Fly Beverage Company Essay

Black Fly Beverage Company is a small beverage company based in London Ontario. The company has achieved recent success in the selling and promoting of their first alcoholic beverage, the cranberry/blueberry vodka cooler. The immediate success of this product presents two critical issues that the company must address. These critical issues are: †¢Black fly must expand its product mix in order to capture a larger market share in order to compete with larger established brands within the market place †¢Black Fly must also address capacity issues that will arise with an increase in demand or introduction of a new flavor Analysis. Current Situation Black Fly’s cranberry-blueberry vodka cooler has been well received by consumers due to its natural tasting ingredients and no chemical sweeteners producing a premium product different than existing similar beverages. The company now must take this opportunity to give their consumers another product to further explore the brand. Attempting to penetrate deeper within their current product will not allow its customers to further explore their favorite brand of vodka cooler. This will cause Black Fly to begin to lose their customers to other competing companies that offer multiple products and flavors (see exhibit 9). Black Fly also must also address the company’s capacity issues in order to allow them to meet the LCBO’s average order lead-time of seven days. At full capacity Black Fly is meeting the required lead time with minimal margin of error to account for delays, however, during the holiday season, which will occur as early as next month, the company will not be able to keep up with the increase in demand and will fail fulfill the LCBO’s order in time (see exhibit 7). Options The first option available to Black Fly would be to expand its product mix with the addition of a new flavor to compliment their existing cooler. The company will be able to take advantage of economies of scale through the current production; therefore a minimal cost of $30,000 will only be needed to cover development and merchandising fees. To cover this initial cost Black Fly will have to sell an additional 127 cases a month to break even, an increase of 10. 58% (see exhibit 2). It has been projected that adding another flavor to the product line could increase sales by 50 to 75 percent. This projected increase in sales would produce an annual expected ROI of 373% and 609% respectively (see exhibit 5). If however sales increased by only 10% due to the risk of cannibalization of their original recipe then the expected ROI would be -5% (see exhibit 5). This increase in sales however will put additional strain on the company’s current capacity (see exhibit 8). A second option to Black Fly would be the addition of a new specialty spirit-based product called â€Å"Spiked Ice†. This packaged ready to freeze cooler would be a non-competing product to the already successful cranberry-blueberry vodka. An advantage to this product is that there is no other product similar to it out in the marketplace. The LCBO has also committed to sell 8,000 cases of the product over the four summer months, which would produce revenues of $277,200 (see exhibit 3). Over this four month period this option will produce an ROI of 15% (see exhibit 6). To produce â€Å"Spiked Ice† the company however will have to purchase expensive machinery costing $500,000 and spend an additional $40,000 on merchandising and product development. To cover these costs Black Fly would have to sell an additional 7,585 cases of â€Å"Spiked Ice† (see exhibit 4). This may prove difficult as this new product is very seasonal producing higher sales in the summer months and potentially smaller sales in the fall and winter months, a time in which the LCBO has not committed to sell this product at this time. Another disadvantage to this option is the space that this new machinery would occupy in the already small warehouse. Black Fly’s current facilities cannot produce â€Å"Spiked Ice† and the original vodka simultaneously which would result in Black Fly loosing monthly revenues of $23,641 (see exhibit 1). Recommendation It is apparent that Black Fly must attempt to offer a variety of products to enhance its product mix and to keep current customers from trying other flavors offered by other competitors. At this time the best way to proceed with this will be to launch a new flavored vodka to compliment the already successful cranberry-blueberry vodka. The low initial costs and economies of scale gained through this option will allow Black Fly to introduce this new flavor quickly and efficiently to capitalize sales during the upcoming holiday season. To help address the concern of future capacity issues it would be recommended that Black Fly hire two more part-time workers and to run the production process seven days a week. This will be possible due to the expected high ROI associated with this option. This increase in production will allow the company to complete six full runs amounting to 3000 cases within the seven day lead time required by the LCBO ( see exhibit 10). In the future it will become necessary to upgrade to a larger facility and at that time it would be beneficial to begin producing â€Å"Spiked Ice†, however at this current time, given the company’s limited time in the market, it is suggested that Black Fly only pursue the launching of a new flavor. After the company has received sales from the holiday season the company will then be able to better address the possibility of relocating to a new warehouse and address their plans for â€Å"Spiked Ice† for the upcoming summer months.

Irelands Big Wind, 1839

In rural Irish communities of the early 1800s, weather forecasting was anything but precise. There are many tales of people who were locally revered for accurately predicting turns in the weather. Yet without the science we now take for granted, weather events were often viewed through the prism of superstition. One particular storm in 1839 was so peculiar that rural folk in the west of Ireland, stunned by its ferocity, feared it could be the end of the world. Some blamed it on the â€Å"fairies† and elaborate folk tales sprang from the event. Those who lived through the â€Å"Big Wind† never forgot it. And for that reason, the horrendous storm became a famous question formulated by the British bureaucrats who ruled Ireland seven decades later. The Great Storm Battered  Ireland Snow fell across Ireland on Saturday, January 5, 1839. Sunday morning dawned with cloud cover that amounted to a typical Irish sky in winter. The day was warmer than usual, and the snow from the night before began to melt. By midday, it began to rain heavily. The precipitation coming in off the north Atlantic slowly spread eastward. By early evening, heavy winds began to howl. And then on Sunday night, an unforgettable fury was unleashed. Hurricane-force winds began to batter the west and north of Ireland as a freak storm roared out of the Atlantic. For most of the night, until just before dawn, the winds mauled the countryside, uprooting large trees, tearing thatched roofs off houses, and toppling barns and church spires. There were even reports that grass was torn off hillsides. As the worst part of the storm occurred in the hours after midnight, families huddled in total darkness, terrified by the relentless howling winds and sounds of destruction. Some  homes caught fire when the bizarre winds blasted down chimneys, throwing hot embers from hearths throughout cottages. Casualties and Damage Newspaper reports claimed that more than 300 people were killed in the wind storm, but accurate figures are difficult to pin down. There were reports of houses collapsing on people, as well as of houses burning to the ground. There’s no doubt there was considerable loss of life, as well as many injuries. Many thousands were made homeless, and the economic devastation inflicted on a population that was nearly always facing famine must have been massive. Stores of food meant to last through the winter had been destroyed and scattered. Livestock and sheep were killed in vast numbers. Wild animals and birds were likewise killed, and crows and jackdaws were nearly made extinct in some parts of the country. And it must be kept in mind that the storm struck in a time before government disaster response programs existed. The people affected essentially had to fend for themselves. The Big Wind In a Folklore Tradition The rural Irish believed in the â€Å"wee people,† what we think of today as leprechauns or fairies. Tradition held that the feast day of a particular saint, Saint Ceara, which was held on January 5, was when these supernatural beings would hold a great meeting. As the mighty wind storm had struck Ireland on the day after the feast of Saint Ceara, a storytelling tradition developed that the wee people held their grand meeting on the night of January 5 and decided to leave Ireland. As they left the following night, they created the Big Wind. Bureaucrats Used the Big Wind as a Milestone The night of January 6, 1839, was so profoundly memorable that it was always known in Ireland as the Big Wind, or The Night of the Big Wind. The Night of the Big Wind forms an era, according to A Handy Book of Curious Information, a reference book published in the early 20th century. Things date from it: such and such a thing happened before the Big Wind, when I was a boy. A quirk in Irish tradition was that birthdays were never celebrated in the 19th century, and no special heed was given to precisely how old someone was. Records of births were often not kept very carefully by civil authorities. This creates problems for genealogists today (who generally have to rely on church parish baptismal records). And it created problems for bureaucrats in the early 20th century. In 1909, the British government, which was still ruling Ireland, instituted a system of old-age pensions. When dealing with the rural population of Ireland, where the written records might be scant, the ferocious storm that blew in from the north Atlantic 70 years earlier proved to be useful. One of the questions asked of elderly people was if they could remember the Big Wind. If they could, they qualified for a pension. Sources St. Cera. Catholic Online, 2019. Walsh, William Shepard. A Handy Book of Curious Information: Comprising Strange Happenings in the Life of Men and Animals, Odd Statistics, Extraordinary Phenomena and Out of ... Wonderlands of the Earth. Hardcover, Forgotten Books, January 11, 2018.